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Current battery technologies

More range generally means a bigger battery, and therefore greater demand for raw materials. This should be taken into account when assessing the environmental footprint of an electric vehicle.

In 2023, the European Union adopted a new regulation on batteries and waste batteries to better govern their entire life cycle, from production to recycling. By the end of 2025, the recycling of lithium batteries must achieve a recycling efficiency of at least 65% of their average weight.

From 2031, electric vehicle batteries will also have to contain a minimum share of recycled materials: 16% cobalt, 85% lead, 6% lithium and 6% nickel. These requirements will then be tightened further.

The aim: to reduce demand for new raw materials and gradually strengthen the circular economy for batteries in Europe.

Electro mobility - ACL advise
LFP

LFP

Lithium Iron Phosphate

Free of nickel and cobalt, highly thermally stable and cheaper to produce, at the cost of lower energy density – and therefore a slightly heavier battery for the same range.

Safety___________________
Cost-effectiveness_________
Cost___________________
NCA

NCA

Nickel Cobalt Aluminium

The highest energy density of the three chemistries, delivering the longest range for the same weight, but with higher raw material costs and greater thermal sensitivity.

Safety_________
Cost-effectiveness__________________
Cost_________
NMC

NMC

Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt

The most widely used chemistry today: a balance between range, cost and service life that doesn’t particularly stand out anywhere, but doesn’t disappoint anywhere either.

Safety________________
Cost-effectiveness__________________
Cost________________

Next-generation battery technologies

 

BatteryAdvantagesDisadvantages
LMFP+ Higher energy density than LFP
+ Free of nickel and cobalt
+ Fast-charging capable		– Energy density still lower than nickel-rich chemistries
Sodium-ion
+ No lithium, nickel or cobalt
+ Readily available raw materials
+ Good performance at low temperatures		– Lower energy density
– Larger, heavier battery for the same range
Solid-state+ Potential for longer range
+ Higher energy density
+ Potential for improved safety		– Complex and costly to produce
– Not yet industrialised on a large scale
Lithium-sulphur (Li-S)+ Potential for very high energy density
+ Potential for lower weight		– Service life and stability still need improving
– Technology still under development
Lithium-metal+ Potential for very high energy density
+ Potential for lower weight		– Safety and service life challenges
– Technology still under development

How long does it take to charge an electric car?

An electric car doesn’t need charging every day, just as a combustion-engine car doesn’t need filling up every day. Above all, your choice of battery should match your daily driving profile.

Enter your daily mileage and the available charging power into our calculator to get an estimate of the charging time required.

Start calculation

Charging your car at home

Two options

ICCB charging cable (household socket or reinforced socket): An ICCB charging cable lets you charge an electric car from a suitable 230 V socket. Charging from a standard household socket takes comparatively long, and prolonged use at high power is not recommended. A reinforced socket allows safer and, depending on the installation, faster charging.

Wallbox: If you charge your electric car at home regularly, a wallbox is generally the right solution. It offers greater safety and higher charging power – usually up to 11 kW, depending on the vehicle and the electrical installation. The ACL offers its members go-e wallboxes on preferential terms. Alternatively, you can choose another suitable wallbox and have it installed by a qualified electrician.

Before installation

  • Electrical installation: Before installing a wallbox, have a qualified electrician check your electrical installation and the available connection capacity.
  • Grid operator: Depending on the wallbox’s power, you may need to submit a request to the grid operator beforehand. With Creos, this is required from 7 kW for a three-phase connection and above 4.6 kW for a single-phase connection.
  • Co-ownership: If you live in a co-owned building, check with the property manager in advance which steps and approvals are required.

Types of public charging stations

Standard and accelerated charging (AC)
Charging stations generally offering up to 22 kW, particularly suitable when the vehicle is parked for a longer period.

Fast charging (DC)
Charging stations from 50 kW. The most powerful fast chargers can reach several hundred kW. However, the charging power actually achieved depends on the vehicle, the battery and the charging conditions.

How do I pay at the charging station?

In LuxembourgIn Luxembourg and Europe
  • SWIO
  • International charging cards
  • Shell Recharge
  • Plugsurfing
  • Chargemap
  • Other international charging cards and apps

A growing number of charging stations also allow direct payment without a subscription or prior contract.

Since 13 April 2024, new publicly accessible charging stations must offer ad hoc payment. At charging points of 50 kW and above, payment by card or contactless must be possible. At charging points below 50 kW, other secure electronic payment methods, such as QR codes, are also permitted.

From 1 January 2027, the same requirements will also apply to existing publicly accessible charging points of 50 kW and above along the TEN-T road network and in safe and secure parking areas.

  • Type 2
    Charging power: 3.7 to 22 kW | Charging time: depends on battery size, state of charge and charging power
  • CCS fast charging
    Typical charging time from 10 to 80%: around 20 to 40 minutes, depending on the vehicle

Which charging connector suits my vehicle?

Type 2, CCS, CHAdeMO… Here is an overview of the main charging connectors and what they are used for.

Actualités et essais de véhicules électrifiés

Toutes les actualités
  1. Reviews
    Alpine A290 GTS
    Alpine startet mit dem A290 in das elektrische Zeitalter. Auch wenn er seine Silhouette mit dem Renault 5 teilt, vermittelt er doch ein völlig anderes Fahrgefühl.
  4. News
    Electric cars: the promise of a €20,000 model
    By the second half of 2023, several manufacturers had announced that they would be able to produce electric cars for around €20,000, but these are yet to come to fruition. Citroën has promised a launch as early as next year, while Volkswagen is aiming for 2025 and Renault 2026.

Nos services pour vous accompagner dans l’électromobilité

Vous vous posez des questions sur l’électromobilité ?
L’ACL vous accompagne avec des informations objectives, des conseils pratiques et des services adaptés à vos besoins.

go-e charging stations

Traction battery test for electrified vehicles

Electromobility TCO Calculator

Charging time calculator